24 Famous Quotes About Beauty

24 Famous Quotes About Beauty When you see a vibrant flower or a peacock majestically strutting his colorful plumes, revere the beauty of nature. Beauty is everywhere. Appreciate the beauty around you while beauty is still in its prime. Here are some famous quotes on beauty to inspire you to admire the beauty around you. Joseph AddisonThere is nothing that makes its way more directly to the soul than beauty.Leo TolstoyIt is amazing how complete is the delusion that beauty is goodness.Carol BotwinPick a man for his human qualities, his values, his compatibility with you, rather than what he represents in status, power or good looks.Edmund BurkeBeauty in distress is much the most affecting beauty.Jean KerrIm tired of all the nonsense about beauty being only skin-deep. Thats deep enough. What do you want an adorable pancreas?Johann Wolfgang von GoetheThe soul that sees beauty may sometimes walk alone.John KeatsBeauty is truth, truth beauty.John Kenneth GalbraithThere is certainly no absolute standard of beauty. That precisely is what makes its pursuit so interesting.Alexander PopeFair tresses mans imperial race ensnare/And beauty draws us with a single hair.Lord ByronShe walks in beauty like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. Henry David ThoreauThe perception of beauty is a moral test.Oscar WildeNo object is so beautiful that, under certain conditions, it will not look ugly.Saint AugustineSince love grows within you, so beauty grows. For love is the beauty of the soul.Friedrich NietzscheWomens modesty generally increases with their beauty.Anne RoipheA woman whose smile is open and whose expression is glad has a kind of beauty no matter what she wears.Kahlil GibranBeauty is not in the face; beauty is a light in the heart.Ralph Waldo EmersonNever lose an opportunity of seeing anything beautiful, for beauty is Gods handwriting.Ernest HemingwayThe echoes of beauty youve seen transpire, Resound through dying coals of a campfire.D. H. LawrenceBeauty is an experience, nothing else. It is not a fixed pattern or an arrangement of features. It is something felt, a glow or a communicated sense of fineness.Hellen KellerThe best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched they must be felt w ith the heart. VoltaireBeauty pleases the eyes only; sweetness of disposition charms the soul.Alexis CarrelThe love of beauty in its multiple forms is the noblest gift of the human cerebrum.Marcus Aurelius AntoninusWhatever is in any way beautiful hath its source of beauty in itself, and is complete in itself; praise forms no part of it. So it is none the worse nor the better for being praised.Louisa May AlcottLove is a great beautifier.

Alcoholism Research Paper

Alcoholism Research Paper Example research paper on Alcoholism: Alcohol’s importance in our social history is significant. Even more significant is the abuse of alcohol and the how alcoholism has effected modern society. However, before the word â€Å"alcoholism† was ever spoken, alcohol was used for many purposes such as settling battles, giving courage in battles, celebrating festivals and wooing lovers. The history of alcohol can be traced all the way back to the Egyptians. In Egyptian burials, it was used to help the dead’s journey to the afterlife. There is also evidence that the Babylonians, around 1600 BC, knew how to brew 20 different types of beer. It was also around this time that alcohol was tied to abuse. The Babylonians made their laws include punishments against drunkenness. The Greeks and the Romans drank mostly wine, and they loved it so much that they worshipped Dionysus, the god of wine. When they worshipped, the Greeks and Romans would become extremely intoxicated. Their writings are full of warnings against drinking too much. In 55 BC, the Romans introduced beer, right before alcohol become important in religious cultures. The Old Testament refers to alcohol numerous times, and wine plays an important role in the rituals of many religions. Wine was sanctified by Jesus in the New Testament, and many Roman Catholics still drink wine today as part of their worship. Some religions, like Judaism and Christianity, wanted to keep alcohol sacred, so they made drinking too much alcohol into a sinful act. But alcohol’s popularity grew fast, and by the Middle Ages, many monasteries were making beer to give to the monks and to sell to pilgrims. Soon, home breweries were showing up, and they became taverns and other public places where people could gather to drink. The making of alcohol, specifically beer, was not modernized until the time of the Renaissance. Science played an important role in forming breweries that could produce high-quality and large amounts of alcohol. The industrial revolution also brought along steam power and refrigeration, and technology soon allowed for much purer and stronger alcohol, likes gin, brandy and rum. Soon, other countries throughout Europe, like Germany and Britain, created their own unique alcohol. Russian vodka, Scottish whiskey, Mexican tequila and Italian sambuca are a few examples. Today there is even a wider selection to choose from. These new drinks helped to develop trade between Western Europe and the Far East. Also, as colonies developed in America, European nations produced alcoholic drinks to ship over to the new colonies. This became a very lucrative business. From this, we can trace the origins of alcohol and how our culture became familiar with it. People continue to use alcohol in rituals and traditions, just like hundreds of years ago. But it has turned into a disease that punishes those who enjoy it too much. The development of alcohol from religious rituals to today, where there are a wide variety of alcoholic drinks, shows how alcohol abuse has increased as well. Alcoholism has been a continuous problem for centuries due to its harmful effects. In moderation, alcohol is used by some to relax and considered safe. However, misusing alcohol can cause harm not only to the drinker, but also to anyone close to the drinker, and society in general. There are three stages of ingestion that happen once a drink is downed. First, it is quickly absorbed into the blood stream through the cell membranes of the digestive tract. As it passes through the digestive tract, some of is absorbed by the mouth and stomach, and most of it is absorbed by the small intestine. The amount of food in the stomach affects the rate of absorption. If a drinker has a pint of beer without having dinner first, the absorption rate of the beer will be much faster. The drinker will get drunk much faster, and maybe even vomit. Most of the alcohol is absorbed by the bloodstream within an hour of ingestion. The second stage is distribution. Once the circulatory system absorbs the alcohol, it is sent out to all parts of the body. Some parts, like the brain, liver and kidney receive larger amounts of alcohol than other parts of the body because they receive more blood. And the third stage is metabolism. As the alcohol travels throughout the body, enzymes released by the liver metabolize the alcohol. This breaks down the alcohol and turns it into a food source for the body. Most of the alcohol ingested is released through the liver. The effects of alcohol on the liver can be deadly. In large amounts, alcohol can damage major organs, particularly the liver. There are three different alcohol-related liver diseases: fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Fatty liver disease is one of the first signs that alcohol is being abused. Fat builds up due to alcohol metabolism. This hurts the liver’s ability to work at full strength. Fatty liver disease can lead to cirrhosis of the liver. When the liver is too damaged from alcohol abuse, scar tissue forms, causing cirrhosis, and eventually causing the liver to shut down. Symptoms include loss of energy, loss of appetite, upset stomach, weight loss and weakness. Cirrhosis is one of the ten leading causes of death by disease in the United States. The third liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, is the inflammation of the liver, the stage right before cirrhosis. Jaundice, mental confusion and swelling of the abdomen are common symptoms. Alcohol is known as a depressant, and its effects on the brain and central nervous system are serious. When intoxicated, drinkers experience a mild euphoria, or temporary â€Å"happiness†, and loss of inhibition. Alcohol impairs regions of the brain controlling behavior, judgment, memory, concentration and coordination. On the central nervous system, alcohol acts as a sedative. Large amounts of alcohol can cause respiratory failure, coma and death. Impaired vision, hearing, and motor skills also occur. The drinker may also experience numbness and tingling in the arms and legs caused by nerve damage. This results in the staggering walk often seen coming out of bars. Long-term drinking can cause brain damage (Korsakoff’s Syndrome) and drinking while pregnant is known to produce sick babies (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome). Heavy drinking also has damaging effects on the stomach and intestinal system. Irritation of the stomach lining can cause peptic ulcers, bleeding lesions and cancer. Blood loss causes loss of iron, which can cause irritability, lack of energy, headaches and dizziness. Risk of pancreatitis is also increased. Other effects of alcohol abuse include irritation of the intestinal tract lining and the colon; nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, sweating and loss of appetite; and increase in blood pressure, risk of heart attack and stroke. These symptoms develop over time. Alcoholism, however, can begin to develop after the first drink. There are many reasons why people start drinking, such as to increase self-confidence, relieve stress, escape from personal problems, overcome shyness, or to overcome a poor self-image. Abuse of alcohol is defined as the use of alcohol interfering with physical, social, academic, or economic functioning. The first stage of alcoholism involves the use of alcoholism as a way to deal with other problems. The abuser will drink more than the average amount and is usually preoccupied with partying or going out socially to drink. The abuser will also drink to cope with personal problems, have trouble stopping after one drink, and they’ll feel guilty about drinking so much. The drinker will usually deny that a problem exists. The second stage of alcohol abuse begins to interfere with daily activities like work. The drinker finds it typically hard to get through the day without a drink. It also becomes difficult to get the same good feelings from drinking, so more alcohol is consumed. The drinker will start drinking alone and in secret. Ambition and drive are lost and interest in family and friends goes away. This leads to the third stage where the alcoholism takes over. The drinker lives for alcohol and nothing else. They experience loneliness and continue to drink even with disastrous results, including financial and personal problems. The alcoholic will experience physical symptoms in this stage, including difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite, malnutrition, the â€Å"shakes†, and sometimes blackouts and serious memory loss. Alcoholism is the most serious form of alcohol abuse. Once the drinker reaches this stage, serious treatment should be considered. By tracing the steps leading to alcoholism, it is natural to ask what causes the alcoholic to pick up a drink in the first place. Of course, it is the own personal responsibility of each individual who chooses to ingest alcohol. There are however, outside influences that can effect that decision. The power of the media and the messages it sends out can influence any impressionable person, especially teenagers, to consume alcohol. Characters in film and TV are seen smoking and drinking all the time. Signs and advertisements for alcohol use fun animals to pitch the drink, or they show a drinker looking sexy and cool. If everyone is doing it and having fun, then everyone else should do it too. That is the message advertisers want the teenager to pick up. Advertisers leave out the negative information on alcohol on purpose. As a result, teenagers often do not know what the health risks are when they use alcohol. A study done by Washington drug and alcohol officials in 1998 showed that the media has major influences in all outlets. Some of their findings show that almost all, or 98% of movies depict some form of alcohol intake. They also show that nearly 30% of all songs contained messages about drinking. On the other hand, negative effects of drinking were only shown in half of the movies and only one-fifth of the songs. American consumers are heavy consumers of movies, music and TV. So the government is targeting the entertainment and advertising industries in order to change the positive image of alcohol being put out. Anti-alcohol propaganda has proven to be not very effective. Advertisements promoting alcohol usually make you want to try the product. The ads convince the drinker to buy alcohol so they can feel glamorous, powerful and successful. The ads also use status symbols like cars, jewelries and mansions so that everyone will believe they can have the same lifestyle as long as they buy their products. Visual propaganda is very powerful. Unfortunately, people fall for it many times. When you see advertisements against alcohol, they’re usually trying to scare the drinker away from alcohol. Often times bloody pictures of drunk-driving car accidents are shown. Images of badly torn up bodies can persuade someone to stop drinking for the moment. However, an alcoholic’s disease is more powerful than a picture. While the bloody pictures may make the drinker think twice, the effects are not huge in preventing alcoholism. A lot of the anti-alcohol propaganda is about driving drunk. Drinking and driving is a combination that leads to horrible accidents. Driving while under the influence is a serious concern that has gained more and more attention. According to the U.S. Surgeon General, the leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds is drunk driving. Whether it’s New Year’s Eve, the prom, or a weekend pizza party, there is a good chance that alcohol will be served. Getting behind the wheel puts in danger not only the driver who is drunk, but any passengers and non-drinking bystanders as well. The government and police force have come up with several ways to prevent drinking and driving. One of the methods is through a blood test. This is the most difficult one to carry out because it usually requires the person to go to a hospital after being pulled over by the police. Another test police administer is a breathalyzer test. The policeman will make the driver breath into a tube that is able to read the level of alcohol in the blood. This is a valuable test because the police are able to do it as soon as they pull over the drunk driver. The third test is less scientific. The police have the drunk driver attempt to walk a straight line and then cross their legs in the format of a number four. If they have been drinking, then they will be unable to stand up straight, their eyes will be redder, and they will lose their balance. Even though there should be more tests and more instructive propaganda on the subject of drinking and driving, the steps policemen take now do help to save lives. Unfortunately, innocent people can be hurt by drunk drivers. But there are ways to prevent unnecessary accidents yourself. Some ways include volunteering to be a designated driver, trying to avoid driving on rural roads, using four lane highways, avoiding going on the road after midnight, and always wearing a seat belt. It is also helpful to recognize when friends may be in danger of drinking and driving. A good thing to do is to take away the car keys or simply call a cab. Preventing drunk driving is only one way of fighting alcoholism. To really treat it well requires long-term care in almost every case. There are several treatments today for alcoholics to choose from. Three of the major forms of treatment are Alcoholics Anonymous, psychological treatment, and substance abuse clinics. Through treatment, alcoholics can lead normal, productive and happy lives. The ultimate goal of alcoholism treatment is to enable the patient to achieve lasting abstinence. Immediate goals, however, are to reduce the drinking in steps. It is very difficult to quit drinking †cold turkey.† If an alcoholic chooses a treatment program, there are several options out there. A short-term treatment that is popular is the 28-day in-patient treatment. This involves the patient going to a treatment facility for about a month to detox their bodies. This method can be helpful as sort of a crash course in alcoholism treatment, but care must continue following the month-long treatment. Other methods last longer, some for 6 months. These treatments include residential therapy, where the patient is living at a treatment facility for an extended amount of time. Many severe alcoholics need this kind of structure to succeed. The Betty Ford Clinic is an example of a treatment facility that allows patients to live there until they overcome their addiction to alcohol. Another method to treating alcoholism is outpatient therapy. Outpatient therapy offers a wide variety of programs for patients who visit on a consistent basis. Almost all of the programs will offer psychological therapy of some sort, in the form of individual or group counseling. Often it is easier to talk about the addiction in a group of people with the same problems rather than alone. Out-patient therapy often is not effective by itself for the serious alcoholic. Usually this therapy is combined with another method. The third method is the most popular one. Alcoholics Anonymous, also known as AA, was founded in 1935. It is based on the premise of the 12 steps to recovery. AA thinks of itself as a community of recovering alcoholics. They share their common problems with drinking and help each other recover from the addiction of alcohol. The main purpose of AA is to help people stay sober. Alcoholics Anonymous consists of more than two million people all over the world. They meet in local groups that can be big or small, some having a handful of drinkers and others having hundreds attend a meeting. All of the meetings are free. Most Alcoholics Anonymous meetings are open to the public. However, some places have closed meetings in case members want to talk only about their alcohol problems and not be distracted by anyone there who may not be an alcoholic. The 12-step program used by Alcoholics Anonymous is a world-renown treatment method that’s used for all kinds of addiction, not just alcohol. Alcoholics are encouraged to work the 12 steps. The first step involves admitting the powerlessness over alcohol, how it takes over the alcoholic’s life. The second step has the alcoholic believe that there is a greater power working that will help the alcoholic stay sober. This step is an example of the religious influence on the 12-step recovery process. The steps continue to involve the healing process. One of them asks the drinker to go to any friends or family that have been hurt by alcoholism and apologize. Another step asks the drinker to take a sponsor. A sponsor is also an alcoholic who has been sober for a longer amount of time. The sponsor helps the recovering alcoholic make it through the steps. Throughout their recovery, alcoholics will also get chips. The chips are usually different colors, depending on how long the alcoholic has been sober. The final two steps of AA involve â€Å"taking inventory† of your life and understanding why you did what you did when drunk. These are called the drinker’s motivations. Step 12 talks about three major parts the alcoholic should have accomplished. They are having had a spiritual awakening, practicing the lessons learned in AA, and carrying the message of recovery to other alcoholics. The final step seems like a lifetime step. It is practiced by the drinker, along with the other steps for the rest of their life. It stresses the amount of work they must put in for the program to work for them. Once completed, the alcoholic has a lifetime of recovery. Alcoholism is a disease that most alcoholics will admit never goes away. Alcoholics need ongoing treatment and support. There is always a chance to fall off the wagon. Ideally, alcoholics should enter a long-term treatment facility, go through detox, and join Alcoholics Anonymous and attend meetings regularly. The longer an alcoholic receives treatment, the better the chances for becoming sober. The best way to stay sober, though, is simply through abstinence. It is the only true cure of alcoholism. Drinking is classified as a disease by doctors and psychologists. It is a disease because once the drinker is addicted, they cannot stop drinking. It is beyond their control. They cause physical harm to themselves and others. Their health declines and death by alcoholism is not uncommon. That is why it is better if someone who is more likely to drink and enjoy it to abstain all together. Drinking in moderation works for some people, but for alcoholics, there really is no other choice. For the sake of their own lives, for their family and friends, and for society as a whole, alcoholics should pursue the most effective treatment and help everyone fight the terrible disease of alcoholism.

Joseph Ellis's Founding Brothers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Joseph Ellis's Founding Brothers - Essay Example The Eminent Victorians which was a similar account of narration amongst English notables. Furthermore, the book is a result of a rigorous analysis of the events which followed the 1787 constitutional convention of the United States to reflect how history was made during the time when the circumstances were rather contingent. The central idea of the book is to demonstrate the conflicting interpretations of the concept of American Revolution by the rival parties; whereby explaining that the State of America was a product of collective decision making between diverse personalities who believed in contrasting ideology yet they succeeded to overcome their differences due to various reasons. Thus, Ellis has focused on the thoughts and dialogues of John Adams, Abigail, Aaron, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and George Washington where the book has been sectioned according to the themes being portrayed. The thesis of the book i.e. contrasting ideologies at war during the time converging eventually has been depicted convincingly in the book. Ellis begins with carefully conceptualizing the revolutionary domains as interpreted by each individual. He explains that though it seemed as if end of the British colonialism was inevitable yet due to the stark contrast in ideas, there was a high chance that American Revolution may turn out to be a failed experiment. He also argues that the contrast in ideologies is still prevalent in the American discourse. He argued that Thomas Jefferson wanted to interpret the revolution as a rebellion aimed at reducing the impact of centralized state, however, Hamilton aimed at characterizing the revolution as a product of livery thus favoring federation. John Adams as well as George Washington was favoring the stance of Hamilton. To conclude how the issue was resolved, Ellis mentions various episodes. For instance, ‘The Duel’ highlights the

Nursing care delivery models and organizational structure Essay

Nursing care delivery models and organizational structure - Essay Example However, this paper tends to research how factors like organizational structure and care delivery models can influence nurse turnover rates. Introduction Health care sector across the world has been experiencing an unusual increase in nursing turnover for the past few decades. According to the NSI (2013) report, the hospital turnover rate increased to 14.7% and registered nurses is 13.1%. Nursing Solutions, Inc projects hospital turnover to be over 15.5% and RNturnover14% by2014. However, it is important to assess to what extent nursing care models and organizational structure can cause nurse turnover in modern hospital settings. This detailed analysis based on the available literature will suggest what advice Jamie Johns (in the given case context) as a Quality Improvement Leader can give to her Chief Nurse Officer on appropriate care delivery models. Impacts of Nurse Turnover Nurse Turnover is a major risk factor that affects the hospital’s functioning and effort for ensurin g quality patient care. Nursing turnover causes huge amount of financial loss to the hospital. Losing a single nurse can bring about the loss of twice the nurses’ annual salary. Therefore, loss of nurses adversely affects patient care thereby causing loss of patients, increased staffing cost, absenteeism, and accident rates. Poor communication with the management regarding their needs, low remuneration, and lack of career opportunities and career development in the hospital they work can also increase nurse turnover. Solutions for nurse turnover have been researched on a wider basis. According to Hunt (2009), the most important suggestion is to make the job attractive; and this process involves increasing job incentives, flexible scheduling and job sharing, adding career development activities. A major after effect of high turnover rate is that the existing staff is always forced to adjust with the newcomers. A study by Baernholdt and Mark (2009) showed that both rural and ur ban hospitals can improve nurse job satisfaction and turnover rates by changing unit characteristics, creating better support services and a work environment that supports autonomous nursing practice. According to the very findings, rural hospitals can also improve the work environment by providing nurses with more educational opportunities and thus career development. Scarcity of qualified nurses makes turnover so prevalent in the health care industry. The increase in job opportunities makes the existing nurses confident enough to leave their present organization and find a new one. Organizational Structure and Nurse Turnover Only by implementing key strategies, hospitals can put a curb on the turnover rate of nurses. Nursing is the largest occupation within the health care industry with 2.4 million people working. In recent reports by the International council of Nursing (Trust, 2006), one of the main reason for shortage of nurses relates to work environment. Studies have proven t hat a positive organisational climate plays a key role in job satisfaction and in lowering turnover rates. But the strength of organisational climate and job satisfaction is more compared to organisational climate and turnover rate. As Stone, Hughes, and Dailey (2008) point out, low job satisfaction leads to burnout, frequent leaves, higher rate of turnover, or loss of nursing profession. The work environment, especially the organizational structure has much to do with nursing turnover rate. A pleasant relationship with the hospital

The Ku Klux Klan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ku Klux Klan - Term Paper Example According to Newton (202); however, the activities were surpassed by growing neo – Nazi organizations in the United States in the 1990s and in the early 2000s. The Ku Klux Klan was basically based in the Southern states of America where they targeted the African Americans set free after the American Civil War. The Klan had never considered the former slaves as being free and they terrorized the African Americans to maintain their supremacy as well as to express their anger at the freedoms granted to these former slaves. The root cause for their actions was that although America experienced great economic prosperity after the Civil War, not much of the wealth generated filtered to the South and it was the racism, mixed with anger at their economic plight that inspired the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan was a violent organization and they burnt the churches of the African American population, murdered, raped and castrated those who they targeted and they were rarely ca ught because most senior law enforcers in the South were also high ranking Klan members or were sympathetic to its aims. According to Bullard (9), the earliest branch of the Ku Klux Klan was created in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1866 and most of its leaders had been previous members of the Confederate army in the Civil War. During the next two years after its founding, they tortured and killed African – Americans and those whites who were sympathetic to them. Immigrants, who the Klan blamed for the election of radical Republicans, were also targeted and between 1868 and 1870, the Ku Klux Klan was instrumental in the restoration of white rule in the states of North Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. West (110) states that the original objective of the Ku Klux Klan was to stop the African American people from voting so that white domination of the Southern states would be maintained. After all-white governments had been established in the South, this group continued to undermine the power of African Americans by attacking successful black businessmen and by stifling any attempt to form black protection groups such as trade unions. Since the Ku Klux Klan had achieved its main objective in the Southern states, by the end of 1871, the organization had practically disappeared. In addition, after its formation, the Klan quickly became a terrorist organization in the service of the Democratic Party and white supremacists and that its main goal was to destroy Congressional Reconstruction by either murdering blacks and some whites who were in active Republican politics or educating black children Gitlin (133). They burned churches and schools and drove thousands of people out of their homes and because local law enforcement representatives were incapable or reluctant to stop them, Congress approved the Force Bill in 1871 giving the Federal government the authority to take legal action against the Klan. Dedicated prosecutors managed to win convictions and break up Klan activity and although relatively few people were punished, federal action did put an end to Klan activities, at least for a while. Maclean (23) states that the Ku Klux Klan was reorganized in 1915 by William Simmons, a preacher who had been influenced by the book The Ku Klux Klan written in 1905 by Thomas Dixon and a film version of the book,

Coca Cola History And Development Commerce Essay

Coca Cola History And Development Commerce Essay History of and development : Coca cola was started in 1800s by John Pemberton. Coca cola recipe developed at the Eagle drugs and chemicals company, a pharmacy in Columbus, Georgia. Originally its called Pembertons French coca wine. He may have been Mariani wine with great success, European coca wine inspiration. 1886, in Atlanta, Fulton County, by prohibiting legislation, Pemberton responded coca-cola developed, is essentially a non-alcoholic version of French wine coca-cola. The first sales were at Jacobs pharmacy in Atlanta on May 8, 1886. They sold it in Atlanta for five cents a glass. And they didnt mix with water, the test was very strong. It was called Pembertons French wine coca, and it was sold as a medicine to help the people from cold and some people was using it as energy Drink. In United States it used to Sold at soda fountains. The starting year of the company sales was so low, around nine drink per day so Dr. Pemberton think that he didnt make a lot of money with the drink. So he sold his business to Asa g. Candler. To just before he died in 1888. After six year on 12 March 1894 coca cola was 1st sold in bottles in Atlanta with actual cocaine content. And after 61 years later in 1955 it sold in cans. The Coca-Cola Company is the production of concentrated syrup, and then sold to different bottling plants around the world held by Coca-Cola franchise. Coca-Cola bottler, the territory of an exclusive contract with the company, produce finished cans and bottles of concentrated filtered water and sweeteners combined. Then bottling sell, distribute and merchandise Coca-Cola products retail stores, vending machines, restaurants and food service distributors. (Bodden 2008) Important development include the period from 1980-1990, such as diet coke, cherry coke, diet cherry coke. 2000- 2005, coke with lemon, vanilla coke diet coke with lemon. (Coca cola 2012) Key milestones 2002(In India) golden peacock award for global excellence in corporate Governance, by the world council for corporate 2005 Chinas best corporate citizen conduct award, 21st century business Herald 2006 International Supplier of the Year, Wal-Mart 2010 Coca cola was number one global brand in world (FMCG 2011) 10 year financials in column chart from with short analysis Coca cola profit, revenues, 2000-2010 Since year 2000 company is performing in comfortable raising zone of its journey. Year by year increasing in profit and in revenue is been measured as per the above listed graph. In 2009 because of market decline (resection) company gone through a loss but by 2010 it shows a positive comeback again towards the profit. (Coca cola annual report 2000-2010) Overview of industry, markets, products, service; Coca cola is world largest company for manufacturer, marketer and distributor of non alcoholic drinks in world. Coca Cola Company produces coca cola music, snacks and more than 3500 non-alcoholic beverages, from regular sparkling and diet drinks such as juices, waters, energy waters, Coffee-tea, milk and Etc. Based drinks. Like diet coke, sprite, Fanta, Thumps up, limca, emerald mounted and etc. For marketing, Coca Cola Company is using Advertising, Coca-Cola advertising as its main source of consumer awareness. It is mainly the use of TV. Coca-Cola products have a lot of TV add. The source of the companys products to reach a large audience. Latest TV advertising for Coca-Cola soft drinks was YOU KNOW, YOU WANT IT. The company also uses another source of radio advertising. This is an inexpensive method compared, TV. Advertising costs in the past three years have shown $ 11 million. Coca cola companies operating income 2009 increased 4 percent in the quarter, and after that decreased 3 percent at the end of year. In 2011 Coca cola unit case volume is increased 5% in word wide Coca cola had 42% distributed in United States, 37% in Mexico, Brazil, India, and Japan. And 20 % distributed in rest of the world. Coca cola have 60.9% market share in India. Coca-Cola uses intensive distribution strategy. The companys products are sold almost all exports include: retail outlets  · Shops  · Restaurants  · Gas Station  · sale kiosks  · school, sports and entertainment venue  · from a vending machine Coca Cola Company is using C to C method for service, c to c means company to customer. In US and Canada coca cola using hotline service. Customer can direct call to the company. (Coca cola 2006-2012) Major issue that affected the coca cola company in past 3 years. In 2009 China national cereals, oils and foodstuffs corporation {COFCO} and Coca Cola Company make new joint venture. Coca cola Company started new bottling plant in northwest china. And it was joint venture with COFCO. For this plant coca cola invest 30.9 US dollar. Coca Cola 5000 opportunities for job. Because the plan now days coca cola have 3rd largest market in china. In June 2010 Simon group and coca cola company improve their marketing alliance. In June 2010 Simon group and coca cola company improve their marketing alliance. In America Simon group is the number 1 real estate group and Coca Cola Company was venture with that group. And with Simon group the coca cola company can extend their marketing in mall. And thats coca cola have very easy to interact with the consumers like youngster In august 2010 coca cola company bottler settles discrimination case In august 2008, Coca-Cola Bottling Company MERGED in Charlotte, Atlanta-based Coca-Cola Company is separate from the money to pay wage arrears, plus interest, to 95 black and Hispanic job seekers apply for sales positions in 2002, according to the U.S. Department of Labour. (Coca cola 2006-2012) How has the organizations culture, values, history and development influenced leadership, management, and OB? Core values: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ in Coca-Cola company culture, leadership, passion, integrity, cooperation, diversity, quality and accountability system, is defined by. Coca-Colas central commitment acts as the mind, body, spirit and inspire optimism to refresh the world to create value and make a difference. 2 assets to give them a chance to make this commitment-their people and brand. As a global company, the Coca-Cola Companys has an ability to understand, accept and work in a multicultural world both in the market and in the workplace our sustainable development is crucial. They work hard to ensure inclusive and equitable work environment for their associates, all diversity training on a regular basis. We found that, the ongoing dialogue clues to a better understanding of their colleagues, their suppliers, their customers, their stakeholders, and ultimately greater success on the market. (Coca cola 2006-2011) The coca-cola development = The key to the development of quality incentive and reward system to understand the needs of the coca cola employees, Coca-Cola HBC Hrvatska, they will conduct regular quantitative and qualitative research on employee satisfaction. Based on the findings, develop an action plan to further improve their motivation and reward system. They further adjust the current system of economic trends, industry branch of their companys strategic plan, our department goals and personal goals. (Coca-Cola HBC Hrvatska d.o.o 2012) Company leadership, management, and OB analysis Muhtar Kent is the CEO and President of the coca cola company. He has spent his entire career with Coca Cola Company. He was born in new York 1952, and he was completed his high school from Mersin, turkey in 1971 after that he went to the university of hull, in united kingdom for Master of Business Administration (MBA). In 1987, Mr. Muhtar Kent joined the coca-cola company at Atlanta, as marketing and operations leadership positions. In 1995 and 1998, Mr. Kent becomes Managing Director, in Coca-Cola Amatil Europe and he was handled bottling operations in 12 nation and regions. Mr. Kent, in 2005, president and chief operating officer of the Coca-Cola Company, the Companys North Asia, Eurasia and Middle East Group, the organization provides a broad and diverse region, including China, Japan and Russia. Less than a year later, in 2006, Mr. Kent served as president of Coca-Cola International, until he was appointed president and chief operating officer of The Coca-Cola Company, is responsible for overseeing all business operations. In July 2008, Mr. Muhtar Kent became CEO and President. (Thomas White International ltd, 2012) Type = Muhtar Kent is primary Transformational leadership type, with a strong visionary leadership. When he was become CEO in 2008 he set his vision to establish a long-term economic growth even in his plan in us market revenue goal of doubling by 2020. (Yuki 2010) Values and attitudes = Muhtar Kent can increase the value of their employees, build trust in the workplace. Trust employees are more likely to emulate the actions of a leader, because they see the value-added of action. This trust has penetrated to the continued growth of the Coca-Cola Company on a global scale. (Gupte 2003-2008) Personality = Muhtar Kent personality is similar to his style, personality of Mr. Kent was based on building a trust with their employs and creating an trust worthy staff which helps him in running coco cola to its heights. (Gupte 2003-2008) Style and behavioural characteristics = His style is Dynamic leadership and characteristics = he is Being low-key and loving what he does. A Dynamic leader able to add value to their employees, to build trust in the workplace. Trust employees are more likely to emulate the actions of a leader, because they see the value-added of action. Muhtar Kent, a leader always maintains relationship of trust of his employees and customers is a good example. This trust has penetrated to the continued growth of the Coca-Cola Company on a global scale. No matter the size, dynamic leaders can change the value of their company (Yuki 2010) Key skill = Muhtar Kent main key skill is his experience and his innovative ideas. For example, Muhtar Kent has more than 26 year experience in Coca Cola Company and he know very well that how to increasing profit and revenue, And about his innovative ideas Muhtar Kents helping organization with his incorporate innovative ideas to expand their business, is unmatched worldwide income. (Gupte 2003-2008) Practices = Muhtar Kent always motivates his organization employer to think good and think for company future. And he said that always try to keep true to yourself and do the right thing. And fell proud on what you did. Muhtar Kent meets his management team daily and discus about the current issues and all reports for organization. He travels around the word for meets with manager in major countries. (Gupte 2003-2008) Evaluate how leadership skill have developed over his career = Muhtar Kent leadership skill are truly gift from his parents. From the childhood he always observes his father Mr. Necdet Kent keenly and he learns lots of practices from him. Muhtar Kent says that he learned his management skills when he was doing his  Master of Business Administration (MBA) from Cass business school London. (Cable news network 2012) major reasons for success = Kent describes the success of the Coca-Cola Companys micro-distribution scheme; this is the beginning, because of its delivery trucks cannot reach rural communities. The company created a micro-distribution centre (MDC) to drink their own businesses in the local alternative means. According to Mr. Kent, they are the Golden Age, these entrepreneurs to become leaders in their communities, they are an additional 8,000 people in Africa, he said. Coca-Cola oath entrepreneurs in the new Micro Distribution Centre (MDC) last year, 50% are women, we have been in seven African countries that goal. (Coca cola 2010) Identify major/potential weaknesses that could lead to failure = Muhtar Kent always takes risk for investing. Once he take decision he never thing about risk. Recently Mr. Kent declares that he will invest 500 million U.S. dollars from now to 2020, a variety of activities, including the establishment of a new bottling plant in India. And that investment has big risk. 2. Describe and analyze the organization and management using the following attributes. Vision = The company goal as a roadmap and guide their business every aspect of the framework describes the tasks they need to complete in order to continue to achieve stable, quality growth Mission = Companys roadmap starts with their mission, which is enduring. Declare our purpose as a company and is based on the standard as they measure their actions and decisions. Value = Companys values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹as a compass for their actions and describe how they react in world. Leadership: shaping a better future for courage Collaboration: the use of collective genius Integrity: is true Accountability: if this is for me Committed in the passion of the heart and mind Diversity: As inclusive, because our brand Quality: We do, we do WEL (Coca cola mission stetment-2012) Goal = A global goal set by the company is safe to return to nature and society a certain amount of water equivalent to what the use for in its production in 2020. (The Climate Group-2012) Competitive strategy = PepsiCo is one of the most powerful opponents of the Coca-Cola Company, one of the products of the same series at the same price. This threat is important, because it cannot be eliminated to produce better quality products at lower prices but The Coca-Cola Company, the success of the strategy and management skills explained; it is everywhere, sporting events, advertising, movies, billboards, and many other media. Coca-Cola has been out a lot of different types and flavours, to compete with their competitors. (zeshan ali 2012) Structure = coke.png The Company has a personal international division of labour, because of its international staff in the headquarters of the isolated operation. Different departments throughout the continents of the world, all the president control every continent split. Style = Successful management team has to motivate employees Management style, they have taken to meet their target is based. There are three main management; autocratic, democratic and Laissez-faire style System = Coca-Cola business unique model. The development of high-quality brand Coca-Cola Company and their bottling partners, production and distribution. The system has been able to provide unparalleled drinks and more than a century, around the world the results. 3. Other issues 1. Describe the organization strategy. Describe how they manage cross cultural issues. Around the world, Coca-Cola is consumed. Its product strength has already begun to over-saturate the world market and to break the foreign markets, competitiveness rough established foreign brands. The Coca-Colas business strategy was formulated 115 years before. The strategy is very simple, the familiar red and white flag firmly imprinted in the hearts of the people all around the world. There has been a very successful strategy for cokes sales for more than 200 countries worldwide. Coca-cola has done very well in its international strategy. This is a world renowned brand and consumed almost everywhere. They conduct medical campaign yearly twice to help the people in the society. An example of coca cola international strategy is, Coca-Cola Company has been working with the African local people, which is a great business strategy. Because it acts as the desire and enthusiasm for the people, and its products are very successful. Coca-Cola has done advertising with great African footballers. This great advertising strategy, Coca-Cola became a lasting symbol of Africas top brand. They also prevent competitors of Coca-Cola, to get any market share in South Africa. (International business blog 2010) 2. Describe how power is used in the organization and how it is shared; describe the internal politics. How are conflicts resolved? Atlanta, the head quarter of coca cola is centralised by high power. The coca cola company CEO and chairman of the board Mr. Kent makes all the decisions regarding the company policies. The Coca-Cola Company has a separate international division, It constitutes around the world and various departments to control each continent with separate president. Coca cola company major division EURASIA AND AFRICA, EUROPE, LATIN AMERICA, NORTH AMERICA, and PACIFIC are now controlled by president of division. And he sit in the corporate headquarter. Examples = Ahmed C. Bozer Eurasia and Africa Group, president of the Coca-Cola Company, the leadership of the Companys business activities in more than 90 countries and regions. Headquartered in Istanbul, the Group consists of six business units, including Turkey, the Middle East and North Africa, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, India and South-West Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East and West Africa and South Africa. 3. Describe the main communication processes. Be specific in your discussion. Coca cola company in February 2007 and the previous CEO john Brock, they need to communicate, a new strategic direction for the coca cola. However, they dont have cohesive communication strategy, John Brock is unable to reach and rapidly with the entire organizations employees. But then after with the implementation of the communication strategy of the CISCO internet business solution group. Coca-Cola through Ciscos successful implementation of communication. The proposed combination of Ciscos own success in the internal administration of the communication process unified communications solutions based on, but targeted to coca cola company opportunities, challenges, and cultural. A customized roadmap defines a phased approach, the first stage to provide live video and video-on-demand coca colas senior management team. The first phase also includes the companys intranet, audio and 30,000 knowledge workers a meeting in a box, so that management personnel on-site staff to convey information. Subsequent phases will be further driven by the automation to the organization, so that all employees secure access to intranet or through kiosks in each device. And on the Results that 90 % of employees satisfied with new communications and Coca-Cola set up the whole framework of the companys global operations and Rebuild its implementation of communication strategies. Today everyone that the Coca-Cola Company in the communication aspect is a big difference, said: Heights. We were able to communicate quickly; we have been fast enough, we they have a consistent message. (Cisco IBSG 2011) What is the importance of being a learning organization? How is this demonstrated? For coca cola, Learning organization is an important part of its overall mission statement, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company take the lead in learning plan development and structure, not only the leader, but the employees throughout the organization. Coca Cola Universitys purpose is to provide experience to equip people with practical skills and knowledge, in order to win the market. Employees in a wide range of areas including human leadership, the leadership of the franchise, the consumer market and customer, business class. Coca Cola University is the best research, and provide training / consulting service to learning transfer between the different parts of the coca cola franchise system (Coca cola 2006-2012) Describe their policy in handling ethic issues. Give at least one example of resolving a major ethical issue. Coca cola Company has very strong ethical code; the code is needed for honesty and integrity in all situations. Coca cola directors, managers or any other employs must have to read and understands the code, and follow the lessons in the organization or in market. This code can help their people to do the right thing and a place to play, the rules they operate around the global For Example, In 2003, near every community of the Coca-Cola bottling plant in Kerala, India to protest water shortages and water pollution, resulting in its bottling operations. These allegations led to the closure of the bottling plant. Coca-Cola unethical business behaviour is prohibited state. After that coca cola company near the local bottling plant in order to win the trust between the people and improve their business practices and they reduction 34% in water consumption. (Coca cola 2006-2012) What are the major strengths and weaknesses of the companys leadership, management and OB? Strengths of Coca Cola Company Globally known about Coca Cola Company Coca-Cola Company, is well-known around the globally and has a long history. The company holds the brand name of its own credibility in the international market. And coca cola have customer all around the world. Coca cola companys Brand Image Coca cola company brand image is very good, around the world. Coca Cola Company is so famous and almost every people know about coca cola brand. Its development has a great impact on the coca cola company image. Coca cola is rated as the world first cold drink brand. Supply chain management (SCM) The company has successfully dealt with Supply Chain Management (SCM) which is the spine of any company. Coke deals with SCM and gives training and conducts campaigns regarding it. This seems to be proactive and successfully convert them to strength. And coca cola have very good supply chain management. Brand positioning Coca-Colas brand positioning is very strong. The company focused on Training Online Manager (TOM). Top of mind strategy allows consumers to remember the product, as well as the product is the number one position. Positioning strategy is the real strength of the company, because it made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a great contribution to the success of the company. Quality of the product Coco-cola gives first preference to its and quality and maintains its consistency all over the years. They also maintain quality management team which focuses on the products always. This made the companys product to reach globally around the world. (Coca cola, swot analysis 2010) Weaknesses of Coca Cola Company Limited drinks add in market. Weaknesses for the coca cola company is, they produce drinks such as Coke and Sprite are very popular, but the company there are about 400 different types of beverage type. Largely unknown, rarely seen available for purchase. These drinks may taste is not bad, but the result is quite low-key or non-existent advertising. This is a weakness in the analysis of companies, they need to research. On health problem Another weakness has been greatly publicized health problems are surrounded by some of their products. It is understood that a popular product, such as coke is not very beneficial to your body and your health. In todays constantly transferred to the health care products and some products may lose customers. This may be a new focus on weight and health problems, is detrimental to your health. Not produce organic drink As for the internal weaknesses, the same never produced organic products of the Coca-Cola Company. They do not have relationships with organic suppliers. Promotional activities Coca cola company, In Pakistan ignored the most important element is to promote. On the other hand it can be seen, Pepsi publicity activation. Make significant recommendations for improvement :- For the my recommendation for improvement, I would like to suggest to the coca cola company, Coca Cola Company doesnt have any drinks which contend natural items in drink, they have to make any drink which contend with natural flower and contend. Coca Cola Company have to do some marketing for snack, water bottled, sports drinks and some other product. Coca Cola Company has to clear their problem which is on peoples health related. Coca cola have to stop plastic bottle because nobody can destroy it and around 25% only recycle. Coca Cola Company have to served drink only in cane so nobody can mix anything with drinks, in plastic bottle some people open it and mix something and pack it nicely and they seal. Coca cola have to start some policy like If costumer gives 4 empty bottles, he gets one free coca cola drink. Coca cola have to improve their water plant because for beverage they need lots of water, now recently they face problem in coca cola plant India for water supply. For marketing coca cola company has to make some TV add with kids so they can attract kids. The company to use splenda instead of aspartame in the diet pop. And the same time use citric acid instead of phosphoric acid in the beverages.

Industrial Efficiency :: essays papers

Industrial Efficiency This article, in the Journal of Economic History, Asher explains the differences in efficiency between the American and British textile industries. This has been a highly debated topic with many economists weighing in. In Asher’s analysis, he uses a very empirical approach, rather then trying to explain differences in data with a sociological approach as other economists have. Asher begins by explaining the leading theory in manufacturing efficiency that Rothbarth and Habakkuk developed. Their main explanation for differences is the population disparities between the two countries. In England, there was a labor surplus, while in America, there was a labor scarcity. This scarcity forced American entrepreneurs to implement extremely efficient production methods. While this may be a plausible explanation, Asher maintains that it lacks rigorous formulation and testing. In response, Asher develops a model, using a production function with constant elasticity of substitution. Within the model, he tries to factor for bias in technical change. Tests were run to determine two different explanations: (a) labor-saving bias was used in America and capital-saving bias was used in Britain; or (b) there was labor-saving bias in both countries, but there was more technical progress in America. The test indicates that there is a labor saving bias in both countries. This was the expected outcome that follows the Rothbarth-Habakkuk theory. However, in an unexpected outcome, it appears that the test maintains a capital-saving bias in Britain, as well. This is a combination of the two anticipated outcomes and seems to be opposite of the Rothbarth-Habakkuk theory. This article highlights the technical changes examined in the reading in Chapter 17 of the W&R textbook. While the textbook concentrates on the mass production of goods such as steel, it was interesting to read about a good that individual members of society buy daily – textiles. I think it

Mean Girls

Celebrity Culture in Mean Girls Mean Girls, written by Tina Fey and directed by Mark Waters, takes Its viewers through high school from the perspective of Caddy Heron, a young girl who never known what â€Å"high school† genuinely meant. Upon arrival, she makes friends with Janis and Diana, who were in the stereotypical â€Å"unpopular† crowd. They warn her to stay away from â€Å"The Plastics†, an exclusive clique that includes three drama-filled girls who are superficial, spiteful, and have vicious attitudes that obtain their power and fame from beauty and glamour.However, â€Å"The Plastics† ask Caddy to Join them. Caddy, Janis, and Diana together plot against the leader of The Plastics, Regina George, the most monstrous of them all. In reality, the more time Caddy spends with The Plastics, the more she starts to actually become one. The Plastics themselves show how monstrous qualities are formed in celebrity culture, while the use of Caddy is the perfe ct example of how culture builds up celebrities to break them back down. The Plastics took Caddy, someone who was naive and candid, and turned her Into something she Is not through the manipulation of their own standards and rules.Celebrity culture heavily relies on qualities of manipulation. This was done through thru burn book, etc Rumors and lies are one are heavily used in manipulation. This is the epitome of celebrity gossip, shown in Mean Girls through Regina George. Regina finds out Caddy has a crush on Aaron Samuels, her ex boyfriend, and promises Caddy that she would talk to Aaron for her; however, Regina fabricates lies to Aaron; â€Å"She [Caddy] writes all over her notebook ‘Mrs.. Aaron Samuels'. And she made this tee-shirt that says, ‘l heart Aaron', and she wears it under all her clothes†¦She saved this Kleenex you used and she said she's going to do some kind of African voodoo with it to make you like her†. Evidence In nineteenth century litera ture Is provided In Frankincense, when Victor Frankincense manipulates his monster through lies: He tells his monster he would create a female companion for him, and afterward declares â€Å"Bygone! I do break my promise: never will I create another like yourself, equal in deformity and wickedness† and proceeds â€Å"to [tear] to pieces the thing on which [he] was engaged† (175).Both Regina and Victor broke their promises, developing a kind of behavior that is so focused on policing others, they almost seem to lose track of themselves; they are so busy broadcasting what they hate, and so focused on consumption of their rival with their loathsome fascination, they do not realize their own personalities turn monstrous. They become so engrossed in this idea, they are unable to distinguish that this hate they developed is the sole reason for their viciousness and misery.This happens when one must realize one's own identity Is crafted from the act of hating. It almost seems Like superficial celebrities In celebrity ultra love, yet hate, to be hated; yet they love the act of hating, and use this hate to surround their world. This kind of â€Å"high school† attitude filled with rumors and Lies that Regina possesses exists in the celebrity world, and if it continues, it will influence animosity and disgust, that a world of peace, accuracy, and love may no longer be accomplished. Another key to manipulation is secrecy.There are countless examples of this in Mean Girls. For example, the scene of The Plastics when they are all on the phone; When Gretchen was on the phone with Caddy, it turned out to be a three-way call with Regina, but Caddy didn't know. This complexity progress when viewers realize the girls are all interlinked, all on the phone with each other on separate lines; Karen gets a call from Regina, puts her on hold, and proceeds to talk to Gretchen and says, â€Å"It's Regina, she wants to hang out tonight but she told me not to tell yo u†.This is similar to the theme of secrecy in Frankincense: Victor states, â€Å"The world to me, is a secret, which I desired to discover† (26), â€Å"l have one secret, Elizabeth, a dreadful one; when revealed to you, it will chill your frame with horror† (218), and he refuses to tell the secret to his audience, telling them to â€Å"listen patiently until the end of [his] story, with which [he] is acquainted with† (44). This is similar to Mantilla, where â€Å"[her father] has a secret grief that destroys [them] both: but [he] must permit [Mantilla] to win this secret from [him]† (47).The fact that one possesses a secret, holds it vital, and purposely shields it from the world acknowledges a kind of unmoral sin, or practical wrongdoing; celebrities allow these secrets to internally eat them alive like in Frankincense and Mantilla, or whether it makes their behavior more aggressive eke in Mean Girls, these secrets have the ability to change and ma nipulate others. In celebrity culture, a secret is a form of power, yet vulnerability – a secret itself could stand for everything one can't see.The public blows these secrets up with crazy ideas and provides evidence with the theories they project onto it. The secret could mean nothing, yet everything, at the same time. This is because that a secret exists. It does not matter what the secret actually is, because the people who spread the knowledge of the secret form its monstrosity. The people have ample opportunity to take control, seceding as a whole or individuals whether they want to make up a rumor, lie, tell the truth, say nothing, or contribute to the situation.The people are monsters, because they take complete control over the situation. An example of this is all of Lord's â€Å"fans† who (most likely) made her miserable because they did not approve of the physical appearance of her boyfriend. [A concluding sentence is needed here] Manipulation is also acquir ed through self-pity, which is shown in Mean Girls with the Burn Book. The Burn Book, which belongs to Regina George, is a book essentially signed to bully her classmates: it has students' pictures with mean phrases, secrets, and other things about them.Regina takes her book, puts her own picture on it, and writes something mean about herself. She then reports it to her school's principal and says, â€Å"l found it in the girl's bathroom! It's so mean†. This is similar to when Victor seeks sympathy from Elizabeth in Frankincense: â€Å"If you knew what I have suffered from, and what I may yet endure, you would endeavor to let me taste the quiet, and freedom from despair, that this one day at least permits me to enjoy' (222).In The Complete Poems and Selected Letters of John Keats, in a short poem called â€Å"When I have Fears†, self-pity is asked for when Keats shows he is in pain, likes the pain, and wants to be acknowledged for his pain: â€Å"Of the wide world I stand alone, and think Till love and fame to nothingness do sink† (301). Just like Keats and Shelley, their own needs. Regina did this Just so she could get Caddy in trouble, Frankincense did this to make it look like it wasn't entirely his fault for the monster's actions, and Keats uses his fans' sympathy to become liked.The public falls into a part of this ultra, where one blames someone else; even the victims themselves get blamed for fault. Besides from celebrities' success, looks, and wealth, it is not uncommon for the public to condone that they are people, humans, Just like them. The public is essentially casting a negative eye upon themselves. Celebrities have people who work with them to help mold their image, but the impossible standards of beauty and perfection they try to fulfill originates from the endless, harsh scrutiny the public places upon them.When a celebrity breaks this image, or differs from the norm, they automatically are seen as monstrous, resulting in sneering and degrading comments from fans. This monstrosity on the celebrities has a counter-effect on the fans; every time there is a mean comment, they are normalizing harsh Judgment, extreme reactions, and offensive language. Celebrity culture takes the blame on how the public has developed a cruel society, through self-pity. Another quality of manipulation used in celebrity culture is feigning their own innocence; this is seen quite often in Mean Girls.Gretchen bullies Regina for violating the rules of their â€Å"girl world† by wearing sweatpants on Monday, and Regina lams she is forced to wear sweatpants because, â€Å"sweatpants are all that fits [her] right now', implying she is â€Å"innocent† because it is not her fault she has to wear those. Another scene is where Regina claims innocence is during lecture, (â€Å"workshop†), in the gym, after the Burn Book is discovered: Regina claims, â€Å"Can I Just say we don't have a clique problem at this sch ool, and some of us shouldn't have to take this workshops because some of us are victims in this situation? Regina implies she is â€Å"innocent†, and she herself is a victim. The teacher responds, â€Å"That's probably rue, how many of you have ever felt personally victimize by Regina George? † Actual innocence and feigning innocence is a huge role in Frankincense: though Victor blames himself for the monster killing his family, despite his creation, he convinces himself that he is â€Å"innocent† and expresses how he feels like the victim. Victor is a contradiction: he is innocent, yet, uses that to his advantage to feign his innocence.He is innocent because he has never intended his creation to turn into an actual form of monstrosity, but yet, feigns innocence by his hiding his guilt and hiding his knowledge about his family's deaths. Victor's innocence decreases over time throughout the novel; his â€Å"UN-innocent† behavior destroys the monster's inn ocence. Victor is performing an act that could be considered â€Å"monstrous† in manipulation by taking away the genuine innocence of one who was never given a chance to prove that innocence. At first Victor decides to â€Å"at least listen to [the monster's] tale† (105), but later on, he decides to â€Å"tore to pieces†¦ The thing on which the creature's] future existence he depended for happiness† (190), not giving the monster a chance to uphold its promise. Celebrities start out with genuine innocence, become corrupted, and may attempt to feign their innocence through their roles – However, once celebrities feign their innocence they are portrayed as â€Å"monstrous†, they are not given a chance to stick up for themselves properly without media and public interference. Lindsay Loan, off the set of Mean Girls, got into drugs, which could â€Å"feign innocence†, and assume that she had no role in her fans doing drugs.According to Good Charlotte, this kind of manipulation is the price of having a lifestyle of â€Å"the rich and the famous† (song lyrics). The most vital quality in manipulation is the key tactic in order to be able to get away with spreading rumors and lies, maintain secrecy, create self-pity, and feign illness. Control itself is the piece that connects all of these qualities. Throughout Mean Girls, there are many scenes were one of The Plastics are in control: At the talent show at school, Regina demands for Gretchen to switch sides with Caddy. When Gretchen protests, Regina says, â€Å"Right now you're getting on my last nerve.Switch! † Gretchen acknowledges this control by obeying. Caddy was also acknowledging control hen she fulfills Region's invite to eat lunch with them â€Å"everyday for the rest of the week†. In the beginning of the movie, Regina took control of Caddy social life. Halfway through, Caddy became the center of attention; she gained control of Region's previ ous fame and publicity and made it her own. The previous examples also hint at some aspect of control. Control is also seen in Frankincense, where the monster says, Mimi are my creator, but I am your master;-obey! (174). Victor chooses condone the monster, and the monster responds by taking control, killing all of Victor's family embers. Control in Charitable is implied when Geraldine takes on a role of masculinity: â€Å"lay down by the maiden's side: And in her arms the maid she took† (250-251). In The Major Works, â€Å"Farewell to a Lady' by Lord Byron shows how a woman's beauty takes control of his life: â€Å"In flight I shall be surely wise, Escaping from temptation's snare; I cannot view my Paradise, Without the wish of dwelling there† (1).By the word â€Å"flight†, viewers can assume he is going to commit suicide as a means to control the elimination of all ties with the Earthly Paradise's temptation. This kind of intro can relate to monstrosity and ce lebrity culture in a number of ways; first, one can see that the society of celebrity culture is so monstrously powerful, it is out of the control of the public to change it. Only the celebrities themselves have control of their own lives and culture and how they want to live it.Second, celebrity culture has so much control and influence over their audience, that they are not only controlling their own lives, but dominating American culture as a whole. By celebrities constantly sleeping with one another, taking part in the lies, secrecy, self-pity, and feigning their innocence inspires the public to act in the same manner. Third, by the news being so obsessed with the daily lives of celebrities, it almost implies as if they are encouraging the public to become more and more like celebrity stalkers.Lastly, they manipulate the public into believing their redefined definition of happiness, which solely consists of money, fame, and beauty. Rumors, lies, secrecy, self-pity, feigning inno cence, and control all tangle together to layer and overlap and form manipulation; celebrity manipulators do not only have control of their own world, but also wish to control the world of others. This allows them to occupy both worlds at the same time, with their rules, in their way: how much more control could a person possibly want?These qualities of manipulation in celebrity culture are allowing people to lose touch with things that are the most important in life, like friends and family. Celebrity culture is so controlling that it even takes over the roles of others. In Celebrity Culture: Are Americans Too Focused on Celebrities, Tompkins, a group an example of how celebrities are taking the roles of [super] heroes: â€Å"When I ask allege and high school students who their heroes are, they usually name celebrities, such as athletes or movie stars, not names that did something heroic or noteworthy. (Tompkins 4). Celebrity culture is now one of our prime sources of entertainmen t; ultimately, celebrity culture manipulates to control their audience's society in such a monstrous way so they are not able to distinguish the difference between genuine importance and the importance of celebrity news. One day, I fear genuinely important news, (politics, world news, emergency issues) will be ignored unless it is presented as a source of entertainment, like celebrity culture. Mean Girls Stacy Gregg Sociology M/W 11:30 Sociological Themes Sociology is everywhere we look, its everything thing we are, and can be described within everything we do. The traditional focuses of sociology have included social stratification, social class, culture, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, and deviance. As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay between social structure and individual agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to further subjects, such as health, medical, military and penal institutions, the Internet, and the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge.Looking through films you can see many sociological themes. I chose to look at â€Å"Mean Girls† and pull the sociological themes out. Mean Girls is a movie about a girl, Cady, who moves to the US from Africa and starts at a new school. She immediately befriends two outcasts, who explain the school's social scene. There are a group of three girls ( the â€Å"Plastics†) who are popular, malicious and rule the school. As a trick, these three girls befriend Cady.Her outcast friends encourage her to hang out with the Plastics to see what they do. But as she spends more time with them, she becomes more and more like them, backstabbing, mean, self-obsessed, and superficial. When Cady and the leader of the Plastics go after the same guy, she begins to plot their destruction, and starts sabotaging the girls in worse and worse ways. Eventually she separates from her original friends and her Plastic friends.When the entire school finds out about some of the terrible things the Plastics have said about them by finding a â€Å"Burn Book† everyone turns against the Plastics and Cady. Eventually, she must apologize to everyone she hurt and begin to find a way to become a better person. The first sociological theme I would like to address is stereotypes. A stereotype is defined as a widely held but fixed and oversimplified imag e or idea of a particular type of person or thing.Mean Girls portrays high school stereo types rather well, at school there are groups such as try-hards, wannabes, burn-outs, band geeks, nerds, the popular girls, the jocks and art freaks. All the girls wants to be a plastic so to speak and they all display it in different ways like how the girls who eat nothing are trying to be thin so they can be like the plastics, but the girls who eat their feelings are also trying to be a plastic but by eating they are showing I don’t care what anybody thinks of me, which is a popular trait.Then when everyone is explaining Regina George and one girl says â€Å"One time she punched me in the face†¦ It was awesome! † this implies that this â€Å"wannabe† made contact with Regina George even though it is contact most people don't what it is contact nonetheless which she hopes has passed on a bit of Regina George's popularity. References: (2011, 04). â€Å"Mean Girls† Analysis. StudyMode. com. Retrieved 04, 2011, from http://www. studymode. com/essays/Mean-Girls-Analysis-676080. html Mean Girls Celebrity Culture in Mean Girls Mean Girls, written by Tina Fey and directed by Mark Waters, takes Its viewers through high school from the perspective of Caddy Heron, a young girl who never known what â€Å"high school† genuinely meant. Upon arrival, she makes friends with Janis and Diana, who were in the stereotypical â€Å"unpopular† crowd. They warn her to stay away from â€Å"The Plastics†, an exclusive clique that includes three drama-filled girls who are superficial, spiteful, and have vicious attitudes that obtain their power and fame from beauty and glamour.However, â€Å"The Plastics† ask Caddy to Join them. Caddy, Janis, and Diana together plot against the leader of The Plastics, Regina George, the most monstrous of them all. In reality, the more time Caddy spends with The Plastics, the more she starts to actually become one. The Plastics themselves show how monstrous qualities are formed in celebrity culture, while the use of Caddy is the perfe ct example of how culture builds up celebrities to break them back down. The Plastics took Caddy, someone who was naive and candid, and turned her Into something she Is not through the manipulation of their own standards and rules.Celebrity culture heavily relies on qualities of manipulation. This was done through thru burn book, etc Rumors and lies are one are heavily used in manipulation. This is the epitome of celebrity gossip, shown in Mean Girls through Regina George. Regina finds out Caddy has a crush on Aaron Samuels, her ex boyfriend, and promises Caddy that she would talk to Aaron for her; however, Regina fabricates lies to Aaron; â€Å"She [Caddy] writes all over her notebook ‘Mrs.. Aaron Samuels'. And she made this tee-shirt that says, ‘l heart Aaron', and she wears it under all her clothes†¦She saved this Kleenex you used and she said she's going to do some kind of African voodoo with it to make you like her†. Evidence In nineteenth century litera ture Is provided In Frankincense, when Victor Frankincense manipulates his monster through lies: He tells his monster he would create a female companion for him, and afterward declares â€Å"Bygone! I do break my promise: never will I create another like yourself, equal in deformity and wickedness† and proceeds â€Å"to [tear] to pieces the thing on which [he] was engaged† (175).Both Regina and Victor broke their promises, developing a kind of behavior that is so focused on policing others, they almost seem to lose track of themselves; they are so busy broadcasting what they hate, and so focused on consumption of their rival with their loathsome fascination, they do not realize their own personalities turn monstrous. They become so engrossed in this idea, they are unable to distinguish that this hate they developed is the sole reason for their viciousness and misery.This happens when one must realize one's own identity Is crafted from the act of hating. It almost seems Like superficial celebrities In celebrity ultra love, yet hate, to be hated; yet they love the act of hating, and use this hate to surround their world. This kind of â€Å"high school† attitude filled with rumors and Lies that Regina possesses exists in the celebrity world, and if it continues, it will influence animosity and disgust, that a world of peace, accuracy, and love may no longer be accomplished. Another key to manipulation is secrecy.There are countless examples of this in Mean Girls. For example, the scene of The Plastics when they are all on the phone; When Gretchen was on the phone with Caddy, it turned out to be a three-way call with Regina, but Caddy didn't know. This complexity progress when viewers realize the girls are all interlinked, all on the phone with each other on separate lines; Karen gets a call from Regina, puts her on hold, and proceeds to talk to Gretchen and says, â€Å"It's Regina, she wants to hang out tonight but she told me not to tell yo u†.This is similar to the theme of secrecy in Frankincense: Victor states, â€Å"The world to me, is a secret, which I desired to discover† (26), â€Å"l have one secret, Elizabeth, a dreadful one; when revealed to you, it will chill your frame with horror† (218), and he refuses to tell the secret to his audience, telling them to â€Å"listen patiently until the end of [his] story, with which [he] is acquainted with† (44). This is similar to Mantilla, where â€Å"[her father] has a secret grief that destroys [them] both: but [he] must permit [Mantilla] to win this secret from [him]† (47).The fact that one possesses a secret, holds it vital, and purposely shields it from the world acknowledges a kind of unmoral sin, or practical wrongdoing; celebrities allow these secrets to internally eat them alive like in Frankincense and Mantilla, or whether it makes their behavior more aggressive eke in Mean Girls, these secrets have the ability to change and ma nipulate others. In celebrity culture, a secret is a form of power, yet vulnerability – a secret itself could stand for everything one can't see.The public blows these secrets up with crazy ideas and provides evidence with the theories they project onto it. The secret could mean nothing, yet everything, at the same time. This is because that a secret exists. It does not matter what the secret actually is, because the people who spread the knowledge of the secret form its monstrosity. The people have ample opportunity to take control, seceding as a whole or individuals whether they want to make up a rumor, lie, tell the truth, say nothing, or contribute to the situation.The people are monsters, because they take complete control over the situation. An example of this is all of Lord's â€Å"fans† who (most likely) made her miserable because they did not approve of the physical appearance of her boyfriend. [A concluding sentence is needed here] Manipulation is also acquir ed through self-pity, which is shown in Mean Girls with the Burn Book. The Burn Book, which belongs to Regina George, is a book essentially signed to bully her classmates: it has students' pictures with mean phrases, secrets, and other things about them.Regina takes her book, puts her own picture on it, and writes something mean about herself. She then reports it to her school's principal and says, â€Å"l found it in the girl's bathroom! It's so mean†. This is similar to when Victor seeks sympathy from Elizabeth in Frankincense: â€Å"If you knew what I have suffered from, and what I may yet endure, you would endeavor to let me taste the quiet, and freedom from despair, that this one day at least permits me to enjoy' (222).In The Complete Poems and Selected Letters of John Keats, in a short poem called â€Å"When I have Fears†, self-pity is asked for when Keats shows he is in pain, likes the pain, and wants to be acknowledged for his pain: â€Å"Of the wide world I stand alone, and think Till love and fame to nothingness do sink† (301). Just like Keats and Shelley, their own needs. Regina did this Just so she could get Caddy in trouble, Frankincense did this to make it look like it wasn't entirely his fault for the monster's actions, and Keats uses his fans' sympathy to become liked.The public falls into a part of this ultra, where one blames someone else; even the victims themselves get blamed for fault. Besides from celebrities' success, looks, and wealth, it is not uncommon for the public to condone that they are people, humans, Just like them. The public is essentially casting a negative eye upon themselves. Celebrities have people who work with them to help mold their image, but the impossible standards of beauty and perfection they try to fulfill originates from the endless, harsh scrutiny the public places upon them.When a celebrity breaks this image, or differs from the norm, they automatically are seen as monstrous, resulting in sneering and degrading comments from fans. This monstrosity on the celebrities has a counter-effect on the fans; every time there is a mean comment, they are normalizing harsh Judgment, extreme reactions, and offensive language. Celebrity culture takes the blame on how the public has developed a cruel society, through self-pity. Another quality of manipulation used in celebrity culture is feigning their own innocence; this is seen quite often in Mean Girls.Gretchen bullies Regina for violating the rules of their â€Å"girl world† by wearing sweatpants on Monday, and Regina lams she is forced to wear sweatpants because, â€Å"sweatpants are all that fits [her] right now', implying she is â€Å"innocent† because it is not her fault she has to wear those. Another scene is where Regina claims innocence is during lecture, (â€Å"workshop†), in the gym, after the Burn Book is discovered: Regina claims, â€Å"Can I Just say we don't have a clique problem at this sch ool, and some of us shouldn't have to take this workshops because some of us are victims in this situation? Regina implies she is â€Å"innocent†, and she herself is a victim. The teacher responds, â€Å"That's probably rue, how many of you have ever felt personally victimize by Regina George? † Actual innocence and feigning innocence is a huge role in Frankincense: though Victor blames himself for the monster killing his family, despite his creation, he convinces himself that he is â€Å"innocent† and expresses how he feels like the victim. Victor is a contradiction: he is innocent, yet, uses that to his advantage to feign his innocence.He is innocent because he has never intended his creation to turn into an actual form of monstrosity, but yet, feigns innocence by his hiding his guilt and hiding his knowledge about his family's deaths. Victor's innocence decreases over time throughout the novel; his â€Å"UN-innocent† behavior destroys the monster's inn ocence. Victor is performing an act that could be considered â€Å"monstrous† in manipulation by taking away the genuine innocence of one who was never given a chance to prove that innocence. At first Victor decides to â€Å"at least listen to [the monster's] tale† (105), but later on, he decides to â€Å"tore to pieces†¦ The thing on which the creature's] future existence he depended for happiness† (190), not giving the monster a chance to uphold its promise. Celebrities start out with genuine innocence, become corrupted, and may attempt to feign their innocence through their roles – However, once celebrities feign their innocence they are portrayed as â€Å"monstrous†, they are not given a chance to stick up for themselves properly without media and public interference. Lindsay Loan, off the set of Mean Girls, got into drugs, which could â€Å"feign innocence†, and assume that she had no role in her fans doing drugs.According to Good Charlotte, this kind of manipulation is the price of having a lifestyle of â€Å"the rich and the famous† (song lyrics). The most vital quality in manipulation is the key tactic in order to be able to get away with spreading rumors and lies, maintain secrecy, create self-pity, and feign illness. Control itself is the piece that connects all of these qualities. Throughout Mean Girls, there are many scenes were one of The Plastics are in control: At the talent show at school, Regina demands for Gretchen to switch sides with Caddy. When Gretchen protests, Regina says, â€Å"Right now you're getting on my last nerve.Switch! † Gretchen acknowledges this control by obeying. Caddy was also acknowledging control hen she fulfills Region's invite to eat lunch with them â€Å"everyday for the rest of the week†. In the beginning of the movie, Regina took control of Caddy social life. Halfway through, Caddy became the center of attention; she gained control of Region's previ ous fame and publicity and made it her own. The previous examples also hint at some aspect of control. Control is also seen in Frankincense, where the monster says, Mimi are my creator, but I am your master;-obey! (174). Victor chooses condone the monster, and the monster responds by taking control, killing all of Victor's family embers. Control in Charitable is implied when Geraldine takes on a role of masculinity: â€Å"lay down by the maiden's side: And in her arms the maid she took† (250-251). In The Major Works, â€Å"Farewell to a Lady' by Lord Byron shows how a woman's beauty takes control of his life: â€Å"In flight I shall be surely wise, Escaping from temptation's snare; I cannot view my Paradise, Without the wish of dwelling there† (1).By the word â€Å"flight†, viewers can assume he is going to commit suicide as a means to control the elimination of all ties with the Earthly Paradise's temptation. This kind of intro can relate to monstrosity and ce lebrity culture in a number of ways; first, one can see that the society of celebrity culture is so monstrously powerful, it is out of the control of the public to change it. Only the celebrities themselves have control of their own lives and culture and how they want to live it.Second, celebrity culture has so much control and influence over their audience, that they are not only controlling their own lives, but dominating American culture as a whole. By celebrities constantly sleeping with one another, taking part in the lies, secrecy, self-pity, and feigning their innocence inspires the public to act in the same manner. Third, by the news being so obsessed with the daily lives of celebrities, it almost implies as if they are encouraging the public to become more and more like celebrity stalkers.Lastly, they manipulate the public into believing their redefined definition of happiness, which solely consists of money, fame, and beauty. Rumors, lies, secrecy, self-pity, feigning inno cence, and control all tangle together to layer and overlap and form manipulation; celebrity manipulators do not only have control of their own world, but also wish to control the world of others. This allows them to occupy both worlds at the same time, with their rules, in their way: how much more control could a person possibly want?These qualities of manipulation in celebrity culture are allowing people to lose touch with things that are the most important in life, like friends and family. Celebrity culture is so controlling that it even takes over the roles of others. In Celebrity Culture: Are Americans Too Focused on Celebrities, Tompkins, a group an example of how celebrities are taking the roles of [super] heroes: â€Å"When I ask allege and high school students who their heroes are, they usually name celebrities, such as athletes or movie stars, not names that did something heroic or noteworthy. (Tompkins 4). Celebrity culture is now one of our prime sources of entertainmen t; ultimately, celebrity culture manipulates to control their audience's society in such a monstrous way so they are not able to distinguish the difference between genuine importance and the importance of celebrity news. One day, I fear genuinely important news, (politics, world news, emergency issues) will be ignored unless it is presented as a source of entertainment, like celebrity culture.

The Colonies Multiple Choice Essay Questions Essays - Free Essays

The Colonies Multiple Choice Essay Questions Essays - Free Essays The Colonies Multiple Choice Essay Questions Elvira Seferagic Multiple Choice// ~ Essay Questions Which of the following colonial power exercised the least amount of control over the commercial and political practices in their colonies? THE NETHERLANDS. Colonies such as the Carolinas were known as "restoration colonies" because THEIR CREATION WAS MAINLY DUE TO THE RESTORATION OF THE STUARTS TO THE ENGLISH THRONE. The primary motive of those who founded the British colony in Virginia during the 17th century was the DESIRE FOR ECONOMIC GAIN. What was the major reason the original settlers of Plymouth Colony, Maryland, and Pennsylvania came to America? TO SECURE FREEDOM FROM RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION. Which development led to the other four? COLUMBUS LANDING IN HISPANIOLA. The 13 English colonies were all located on or very near the ATLANTIC OCEAN. In which region of the US was the first permanent English Settlement located? ATLANTIC COAST. During the colonial period, which geographic feature presented the greatest barrier to the westward migration of American settlers? APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS. Which action by the British government was considered by American colonists to be a violation of their rights as Englishmen? TAXING THE COLONIES WITHOUT REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENT. Which political feature of the US developed during the colonial period? REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT. The development of a farming culture among pre Columbian Native American Indians helped ensure SAFETY FROM NEIGHBORING TRIBES. During the colonial period, the economic development of the South was most directly dependent on the labor of ENSLAVED AFRICANS. The results of the French and Indian War (17541763) led to the independence movement in the 13 colonies because the British BEGAN IMPOSING NEW TAXES ON THE COLONISTS. Colonialera New England town meetings and the Virginia House of Burgesses were both STEPS IN THE GROWTH OF REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY. Beginning in the 16th century, Spanish colonizers imported increasing numbers of slave from West Africa for all the following reasons except IN THE HALF CENTURY AFTER 1518 EUROPEAN DEMAND FOR TOBACCO INCREASED DRAMATICALLY. During the 16th century, the number of people from England and continental Europe who immigrated to Spain's New World colonies and settled there REMAINED SMALL. Prior to 1607, SPAIN REMAINED THE DOMINANT COLONIAL POWER IN THE NEW WORLD. Which heading completes the partial outline below? NEW ENGLAND COLONIES (Villages with town meeting, small farms and commercial fishing, and First American College). The Declaration of Independence indicates that all people are "endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights." This statement means that CERTAIN RIGHTS BELONG TO THE PEOPLE AND CANNOT BE TAKEN AWAY FROM THEM. The Declaration of Independence states that "all men are created equal." Today this idea means that ALL PEOPLE SHOULD BE EQUAL UNDER THE LAW. The creation of the Virginia House of Burgesses was an important step in the development of democracy in colonial America because it ESTABLISHED A REPRESENTATIVE FORM OF GOVT. The Mayflower Compact and the Virginia House of Burgesses are examples of STEPS TOWARD A REPRESENTATIVE GOVT. Before 1763, the British policy of salutary neglect toward its American colonies was based on the desire of GB to BENEFIT FROM THE ECONOMIC PROSPERITY OF THE AMERICAN COLONIES. What was the main purpose of the Mayflower Compact? TO CREATE A GOVT THAT WOULD BENEFIT THE COLONY. To encourage African Americans to fight, Hamilton suggested in the excerpt that they should be promised EMANCIPATION FROM SLAVERY. Which of the following was the primary reason for Hamilton's call for African American soldiers? THE BRITISH WERE RECRUITING AFRICAN AMERICANS. In the American colonies, boycotts were an effective way of protesting British policies mainly because the boycotts CAUSED ECONOMIC HARDSHIPS FOR BRITISH MERCHANTS. In the publication Common Sense, Thomas Paine argued that the American colonies should END THEIR POLITICAL RELATIONSHIP W GB. The major reason the British govt issued the Proclamation of 1763, which banned colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, was to? AVOID CONFLICT W NATIVE AMERICA INDIANS. Based on the excerpt, which of the following groups was President Jackson trying to help? COMMON INDIVIDUALS. Which of the following groups provided the greatest support for Jackson's veto of the Bank? WESTERNERS. President Jackson's veto of the Bank bill would contribute most significantly to A FINANCIAL PANIC. President Andrew Jackson defended the spoils system as a benefit to democracy because it FILLED GOVTS JOBS WITH COMMON CITIZENS. The ultimate goal of Andrew Jackson's policy toward the Indians during his presidency was TO REMOVE THEM TO

Women in India Essays

Women in India Essays Women in India Essay Women in India Essay The status of  women in India  has been subject to many great changes over the past few millennia. [2][3]  From equal status with men in ancient times[4]through the low points of the medieval period,[5]  to the promotion of  equal rights  by many reformers, the history of women in  India  has been eventful. In modern India, women have adorned high offices in  India  including that of the  President,  Prime minister,  Speaker of the Lok Sabha  and  Leader of the Opposition. As of 2011, the  President of India, the  Speaker of the Lok Sabha  and the  Leader of the Opposition  in  Lok Sabha  (Lower House of the parliament) are all women. | - History Ancient India Scholars believe that in ancient India, the women enjoyed  equal status  with men in all fields of life. [6]  However, some others hold contrasting views. [7]  Works by ancient Indian grammarians such asPatanjali  and  Katyayana  suggest that wome n were educated in the early  Vedic period[8][9]  Rigvedic verses suggest that the women married at a mature age and were probably free to select their husband. [10]  Scriptures such as  Rig Veda  and  Upanishads  mention several women sages and seers, notably  Gargi  and  Maitreyi. 11] There are very few texts specifically dealing with the role of women;[12]  an important exception is the  Stri Dharma Paddhati  of Tryambakayajvan, an official at  Thanjavur  around c. 1730. The text compiles strictures on womenly behaviour dating back to the  Apastamba  sutra (c. 4th c. BCE). [13]  The opening verse goes: mukhyo dharmaH smr^tiShu vihito bhartr^shushruShANam hi  : women are enjoined to be of service to their husbands. Some kingdoms in the ancient India had traditions such as  nagarvadhu  (bride of the city). Women competed to win the coveted title of the  nagarvadhu. Amrapali  is the most famous example of a nagarvadhu. According to studies, women enjoyed equal status and rights during the early  Vedic period. [14]  However, later (approximately 500 B. C. ), the status of women began to decline with the  Smritis  (esp. Manusmriti) and with the  Islamic  invasion of  Babur  and the  Mughal  empire and later Christianity curtailing womens freedom and rights. [5] Although reformatory movements such as Jainism allowed women to be admitted to the religious order, by and large, the women in India faced confinement and restrictions. 14]  The practice of  child marriages  is believed to have started from around sixth century. [15] Medieval period The Indian womans position in the society further deteriorated during the medieval period[5][6]  when  Sati  among some communities,  child marriages  and a ban on widow remarriages became part of social life among some communities in India. The  Muslim conquest in the Ind ian subcontinent  brought the  purdahpractice in the Indian society. Among the  Rajputs  of Rajasthan, the  Jauhar  was practised. In some parts of India, the  Devadasis  or the temple women were sexually exploited. Polygamy was widely practised especially among Hindu Kshatriya rulers. [15]  In many Muslim families, women were restricted to  Zenanaareas. In spite of these conditions, some women excelled in the fields of politics, literature, education and religion. [5]  Razia Sultana  became the only woman monarch to have ever ruled  Delhi. The  Gond  queen  Durgavati  ruled for fifteen years, before she lost her life in a battle with Mughal emperor  Akbars general Asaf Khan in 1564. Chand Bibi  defended  Ahmednagar  against the mighty  Mughal  forces of Akbar in 1590s. Jehangirs wife  Nur Jehan  effectively wielded imperial power and was recognized as the real force behind the Mughal throne. The Mughal princesses Jahanara and Zebunnissa were well-known poets, and also influenced the ruling administration  Shivajis mother,  Jijabai  was deputed as queen regent, because of her ability as a warrior and an administrator. In South India, many women administered villages, towns, divisions and heralded social and religious institutions. 15] The  Bhakti  movements tried to restore womens status and questioned some of the forms of oppression. [14]  Mirabai, a female saint-poet, was one of the most important Bhakti movement figures. Some other female saint-poets from this period include  Akka Mahadevi, Rami Janabai and  Lal Ded. Bhakti sects within Hinduism such as the Mahanubhav, Varkari and many others were principle movements within the Hi ndu fold to openly advocate social justice and equality between men and women. Shortly after the Bhakti movement,  Guru Nanak, the first Guru of  Sikhs  also preached the message of equality between men and women. He advocated that women be allowed to lead religious assemblies; to perform and lead congregational hymn singing called  Kirtan  or  Bhajan; become members of religious management committees; to lead armies on the battlefield; have equality in marriage, and equality in  Amrit  (Baptism). Other  Sikh Gurus  also preached against the discrimination against women.